A Total Smoking Ban in Public Transportation in New Zealand

All trains running on the railway track in New Zealand prohibit smoking inside of a train, also in open-air
observation car of Tranz Scenic. A taxi is also entirely smoke-free. A rent-a-car including that of a camping
car is mostly nonsmoking vehicle. No-smoking sign seal pasted on the windows of the camping car.
In the United States and Canada, the Avis and Budget rent-a-car companies have announced that
all their fleet vehicles are smoke-free.

　
(L) The TranzAlpine scenic train journey travels between Christchurch and Greymouth. Passengers can enjoy
the spectacular gorges and river valleys of the Waimakariri River, and the snow-covered Southern Alps
before descending through lush beech rain forest to the West Coast.
(R) An open air viewing carriage
　
(L) No smokin sign on the window glass of the train deck. (R) A woman smoking outside of the train at the Otira Station.
（左上）クライストチャーチから白雪をいだく高山地帯を抜け西海岸グレイマウスに至る観光列車
（右上）１編成に２両ずつ連結されている展望車には大きな禁煙マークがそれぞれ３カ所 （うち１っは日本語で禁煙と表示）
（左下）デッキでの喫煙禁止も明確　(右下）対向車待ちの駅で列車を降りて喫煙する女性

A satellite picture of the Christchurch Metropolitan Area in the center.
Banks Peninsula in the right lower corner of Picture.
　
(L) Christchurch Tramway (R) Hagley Park of Christchurch. A magnificent area, with rich in green.
（左）クライストチャーチ市内電車（右）クライストチャーチ・ハグレー公園
　
(L) A large no smoking sign in the elevator of Heritage Hotel, Christchurch.
(R) The first thing a hotel guest to see is no smoking sign plate.

Young women smoking at outside terrace of a Christchurch restaurant was prominent.
　
(L) No smoking sign plate observed in the outside terrace seat of a restaurant of the L'hotel.
(M) A very delicious Mediterranean mussel dish served at the above restaurant.
(R) A panoramic harbour view from this restaurant is located in Akaroa of Banks Peninsula, 90 minutes drive, east of Christchurch.
A rented car parked nearby a restaurant of the L'hotel.

（左）クライストチャーチの東、複雑な入江の刻み込まれたアカロアのレストランテラス席に貼られていた禁煙標識
（右）アカロア名物、ムール貝料理（ムールと言ったのでは通用しない、ムッスルと言う）

The main object of smoking ban ordinance in New Zealand has been achieved.

Dr. Ashley Bloomfield, Ministry of Health, Newzealand says one of the positive spin-offs of the law has been
that the number of smoke-free homes has dramatically increased. He attributes the trend to a change in
attitude. People started thinking,' I can't smoke in the pub, so I would not smoke in my home.'

Dr. Bloomfield says the law's main objective, to reduce the workers' exposure to second-hand smoke, has
been achieved.

A report evaluating the law's effectiveness and impact across various sectors shows the exposure to
second-hand smoke in the home decreased from 20% in 2003 to 9% in 2006. And the cultural shift, which
has seen smoking become less socially acceptable, has seen smoking rates fall year on year.

Ministry of Health research shows there was an initial spike in supermarket liquor sales after the change
in smoking laws, and a moderate drop in retail sales for bars and pubs, but this was not sustained. 'We
already had a ban on smoking in office spaces, so we were extending that to blue collar facilities like bars
and restaurants.

The 2006 figures showed the number of workers exposed to smoke fell to 8% from 20%. Importantly,
the numbers of non-smoking young people continued to rise, with half of teens aged 15-19 years now
saying they have never even tried a puff of a cigarette in comparison to 39% in 2006.

Dr. Bloomfield said: The social environment and the context changed. When this legislation was passed there
were 50% public supports for extending the smoke-free ban into the bars. Support went from under 50% to
82% within two years. Even two-thirds of smokers supported that full ban. The interesting thing is how
quickly the public appreciated 'being smoke-free'.
Source: Pub ban stubs out smoking at home. Sunday Star Times. November15, 2009.

ニュージランドを毎日１往復している列車には、南北に走る列車１編成と山脈を越え東と西海岸とをつなぐ列車１編成
とがある。全車両禁煙席であるのは勿論であるが、展望車などのオープンデッキでの喫煙も禁止されている。タクシー
は全面禁煙、レンタカーの窓ガラスに禁煙マークの貼られているものもあり、キャンピングカーも禁煙で、窓ガラスに
「SMOKEFREE　INSIDE」とのラベルが貼られていた。

禁煙法で閉鎖空間内の全面禁煙は確実に守られていた。しかし、都市では歩行喫煙こそ見あたらなかったものの、
閉まっている商店の軒先での喫煙はしばしば見られた。おそら旅行者と思われるが、レストラン・カフェのテラス席
以外の場所での喫煙で特に目立ったのは日本人を含む東洋人男女である。南島観光でツアーのコースに組み入れ
られているクイーンズタウン市内でも、クライストチャーチ市内でも、テラス席での喫煙は禁止されていない。
こうしたテラス席で喫煙している客には若い白人女性が目立つ。その数は男性の2.5倍から３倍くらいであろうか。

イタリア旅行のときも気になったが、人前で吸う女性が多い。軽蔑と哀れみの目を一切気にかけていないからこそ
出来るのだろう。ニュージランド山岳地帯の景勝地で見た喫煙者は、現地に住んでいると思われる日本人( 若しくは
中国人）男性旅行者２人のみで、これはむしろ例外と見るべきかも知れない。

閉鎖空間内喫煙禁止は共通、港町アカロアでは屋外席も禁煙

レストラン・カフェのテラス席での喫煙については町の条例により異なる。クライストチャーチから 90分ほどドライブ
した洒落た港町アカロアのレストランではテラス席も禁煙で「No Smoking Please 」(Ministry of Health)との標識が
テラス席に貼られていた。無論、タバコを吸っている人は誰一人いなかった。

New Zealand
South Island of New Zealand Christchurch airport Maruia Springs Lake Wanaka Lake Te Anau
Milford Sound and Queenstown Tour from Christchurch Auckland airport
Preserved NZ railway Duneden Railway Station Christcharch Tramway
Tranz Scenic Alpine Tranz Scienic Costal

　屋外喫煙の容認と規制
2006年写真撮影　2007年1月執筆　2009年10月英文加筆　医学博士　宮本順伯
★This Web site is link-free.
This information was provided by the Smokefree Hotel and Travel.
The photographs were taken in September, and the article was written inOctober 2006,
by Junhaku Miyamoto, M.D., PhD.
Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Junhaku Miyamoto, PhD. All right is reserved.