NEW YORK
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NEW YORK |
Manhattan, New York
Manhattan is located primarily on Manhattan Island at the mouth of the Hudson River. It is the most
densely populated county in the United States, with 27,485 residents per square kilometer. It is also
one of the wealthiest counties in the United States, with a 2005 personal income per capita above
$100,000.
(Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis, 23.April.2009)
(L)A Satellite photo of Manhattan, New York by Nasa (R) Time Warner Center consists of 299 m high twin towers.
(L) Amtrak's Acela Express for Washington, D.C. arrived at Pennsylvania Station of New York City.
(R) A police Booth in the center of the hall of the second floor of Pennsylvania Station
(L) No smoking sign on the wall of Pennsylvania Station
(R) A sign board of the Starbucks saying 'Starbucks is a Smoke-free Environment'.
Manhattan is a major commercial, financial, and cultural center of both the United States and the world.
The most major radio, television, and telecommunication companies in United States are based here, as
well as much news, magazine, book, and other media publishers. Manhattan has many famous landmarks,
tourist attractions, museums, and universities. Manhattan has the largest central business district in the
United States, is the site of both the New York stock exchange and Nasdaq, and is the home of the numerous
number of corporate headquarters in the nation. It is the center of the New York City andmetropolitan
region, hosting the seat of city government and a large portion of the area's employment, business, and
entertainment activities.
(L) Tall buildings in Manhattan District (R) Reuters Headquarters in Times Square, Manhattan
(L) Metropolitan Museum, New York (R) A new yorker selling the pictures with a gorgeous color
(L) American Museum of Natural History is located next to the Central Park, New York.
(R) Tall buildings in Manhattan stand on the hard rocky stone layer.
(L) The ground under the bench on a sidewalk beside the Central Park is full of cigarette butts.
(M) A white woman is smoking while walking. The burning tip of cigarette may hit a child's eye.
(R) A street smoking by a Japanese couple
Entertainment center, Broadway, Manhattan, New York City
(L) The world economic center, New York Stock Exchange, Wall Street, Manhattan
(R) One of the world's most famous street, Wall Street, Manhattan, New York City
(L) No smoking sign plate at the American Stock Exchange
(R) A pole style-cigarette butt-receptor outside of the American Stock Exchange
'Charging bull' stands near Wall Street
World-famous ice Rink at Rockefeller Center, Manhattan, New York
ロックフェラーセンターの金色のプロメテウス像のあるスケートリンクで、軽快な音楽に合わせ滑る若者の姿を見ていると、
ニューヨークならではの楽しみ方が分かって来るようだ
New York City outdoor smoking ban begins.
Very quiet New York's Central Park with a rich in green
Smokers in New York City looking for lighting up in most public places will not be able to without
paying a price after an outdoor citywide smoking ban takes an effect. The law, which Mayor Michael
Bloomberg signed in February 2011 after it was passed by the New York City Council, will make
smoking illegal in New York City's 1,700 parks and on the city's 14 miles of public beaches. Smoking
will also be prohibited in pedestrian plazas like Times Square. The ban is designed to help curb
exposure to secondhand smoke as well as reduce litter.
Secondhand smoke causes close to 50,000 deaths per annum, and side effects may include lung
cancer, respiratory infections and asthma, according to the American Lung Association's website.
Cigarette butts account for 75% of
the litter found on New York City beaches, according to a news release from Bloomberg's office.
"Smoking in parks and beaches not only harms people trying to enjoy these recreational facilities.
It also causes a litter problem that harms the beauty of our parks," Bloomberg said before he signed
the bill into law. New York follows in the footsteps of 105 municipalities in states,including California,
Hawaii, Massachusetts and New Jersey that have banned smoking on public beaches. Major cities,
include Los Angeles, Minneapolis and Seattle. In states including California, Texas, Illinois, Minnesota
and New Jersey, 507 municipalities impose laws that prohibit city parks, or specifically named city
parks, to allow smoking. Major cities include Los Angeles, San Francisco and Salt Lake City. Puerto
Rico prohibits smoking in all parks and beaches.
"These smoke-free laws start at a local level," said Cynthia Hallett, executive director of Americans
for Nonsmokers' Rights. "They are based on community demand, science looking at exposure to
secondhand smoke and the environ-mental impact. Thirty-five states have laws, in effect, which
require the 100% smoke-free non-hospitality workplaces, restaurants or bars. The smokefree Laws
compiled in April 2011. In all, 79.4% of the country's population is covered by local and state laws
banning smoking. Hallett added that the trend to ban smoking is working from the inside out, starting
in the indoor workplace, moving to restaurants with patios and then eventually to the great outdoors.
The ban will be enforced by the city's parks department, and if violators are caught, they could be
fined $50. New York passed its first Smoke-Free Air Act in 1988, when smoking was banned in public
restrooms and taxicabs. Since then, the law has been amended three times, most notably in 2002,
when smoking in some indoor areas, including restaurants and bars, was banned.
Source: May 23, 2011 Jordana Ossad, CNN
世界の都市、ニューヨークを訪れる人々は多民族、多人種のるつぼと言われている。1960年、筆者が最初に
ニューヨークに行ったときはこれほど、多くの人種は見られなかったが、外国からの人の流入はすさまじい。
戦後一貫してラテンアメリカ、アジア、中東からの移住者が増加している。芸術の世界でも多くの人を引きつけて
いる。誰もが知っている有名ななビルがマンハッタンの至る所に散在する。ニューヨーク証券取引所は世界
経済の頂点に立ち、毎日活発な取引が繰り返されている。観光地としてもとても魅力ある都市で、
毎日新しい発見が期待出来るようだ。
ニューヨーク州では閉鎖空間内の喫煙を厳しく規制している。そのことはすでに広く周知されているので
屋内部分に禁煙表示を見ることはむしろ少ない。しかし、歩道を含め、周りが囲われていない環境では喫煙は
ほぼ自由である。ここニューヨークでも欧州、オセアニア諸国の場合と同じく、若い女性の喫煙姿をよく
目にした。日本の都市に比べれば歩行しながら喫煙する人は少ないが、タイムススクエアの混雑した歩道でも
吸っているので、このときばかりはしばしばタバコの臭いをかがせられた。
Photography: North-eastern USA 2007
Total Smoking Ban in USA and Canada
Smoke-free BC Canada
USA and CANADA 2007
Arrival to Boston
USA and CANADA 2010
Canada 2011
ニューヨーク・マンハッタン
写真撮影 2007年10月 2007年10月執筆 2009年11月 英文加筆
執筆 医学博士 宮本順伯
★This Web site is link-free.
This information was provided by the Smokefree Hotel and Travel.
All photographs were taken in October 2007, unless otherwise described.
The article was written in October 2007, and revised in November 2009,
by Junhaku Miyamoto, M.D., PhD.
Information was added in June 2020.
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